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영어

The foundation of the Sung Dynasty(宋代) in China brought in the civil service bureaucracy system by the Shi-da-fu(士大夫) class who put an end to the military regimes of the Tang(唐) and the Wu-Tai(五代) periods. The aristocratic society of Tang gave way to the society of common people, or the Shi-da-fu, in which the ability of an individual matters more than anything else. Teachers for the childrens education at Shi-da-fu homes in Sung taught on diverse topics, and their influence on the children was great when they grew older. The major Shi-da-fu scholars who taught children at home at the time include Jia Changzhao(賈昌朝), Fan Zhongyan(范仲淹), Sima Guang(司馬光), Yuan Cai(袁采), and Chu tze(朱子). The subjects they taught are Ethics, Confucian Classics, Entertainments and Science and Technology. The doctrines of Chu-tze(朱子學) and the Sungs conflict with the northern tribes also left a significant influence on the childrens education at the time, and accordingly a greater emphasis was placed on the importance of ones loyalty to the state, filial piety, and observance of social norms. The Song Dynasty Shi-da-fu have proccess of home education in their own ways, Among the educations, the education of loyalty and filial duty, individual moral life and culture education were as important as learning education. The education of loyalty and filial duty was mostly established at the point when the bureaucracy of the formed and supported by literati of the North Song Dynasty began to increase the education with the national salvation spirit by the invasion of foreign countries. When the midlands from Kum country collapsed the patriotism about the country's recovery was stressed. Also the Shi-da-fu taught their children moral education, deligence economy, life etiquette and habit. When it becomes to be a supervisor the integrity was most stressed.In conclusion, the politics, economy and academy of Sung was dominated by the Shi-da-bu class that was formed by those who were educated at home when they were very young and continued the tradition for the later generation. The contents of the early education were focused on upbringing intellectuals equipped with knowledge and cultural discipline that the dynasty wanted, which was greatly boosted by the state examination system. What is significant is that the Shi-da-fu society was formed and supported by literati and the bureaucracy who were from the families that provided their children early education at home.