earticle

영어

This paper argues that ISHIZAKA Koreki, an activist of J iyu Minken Undo in the early half of Meiji Era, had three problems despite he did have his ambition to be a distinguished statesman, when he arrived at San Francisco and started to live in Oakland in December 1886, so as to attack Japanese Meiji Government from outside of Japan. The first problem was that Ishizaka was not clear what to do in the US. He announced that he would study commerce at a school, but according to his letters from America, we cannot check the fact. The second problem was that although there were some phenomena of racism around SF at that time, he was not able to notice them, because there was no racism among people in Japan until that time. The third problem was that he had no ability of eagerness of collecting information from Chinese immigrants communicating by writing Chinese letters. However, Ishizaka would soon have “The Season of Politics”, and he would publish political newspapers and send them to Japan.