earticle

영어

This research examines the translation process of [-ism] into [Shyu-gi; 主義] through analysis of materials of Meiji era, and considers the process of acceptance into enlightening period of Joseon dynasty through materials of Joseon dynasty. In the Meiji era, theorists of civilization believed that the new direction which is entirely distinctive from existing feudal logics needed to be suggested in some fields of driving force of national development. In order to suggest the new direction, the theorist argued that the comprehensive understanding of the essence of the Western capitalism needed to be preceded on the basis of understanding of western word in Japanese perspective. In this process, it started appearing translated words of western civilization into Japanese in the Meiji era and the Japanese theorists of civilization used Kanji(漢字, Chinese characters) as means In other words, the Japanese theorist of civilization led Japan to comprehend the Western civilization through translating the Western civilization with Kanji(漢字) and diffusing it to root in Japan in order to secure the existence of the nation. Also, those translated words became a method of communicating the western civilization in Korea, China and Japan as Kanji(Chinese characters) was accustomed to the East societies. Since then, it worked as the driving force for Japan to adopt the Western civilization prior to the other Eastern countries, and it motivated the Eastern Society to formulate the order of modern states with Japan as the center for 120 years. In this context, it is an essential and basic research to determine the relationship between establishment and acceptance of translated Kanji based on the empirical materials. This research tracks down the translation process from [-ism] to [Ju-eui; 주의(主 義)] with focus on the modern Korean, Chinese and Japanese materials. [Ju-eui; 주의 (主義)] is a translated word from Kanji root in the modern Japan era(Meiji era). Originally, [Jueui; 주의(主義)] used as the meaning of [strongly asserted constant thought] and [duty] in Chinese classics. Since the Meiji restoration in 1867, many Western modern words started being translated into Japanese. In the early 1870s, [Shyu-gi; 主義] was translated into [principle] which means [principle, rule]. At the same time, [Shyu-gi; 主義] was also translated into [-ism]. Therefore, [Shyu-gi; 主義] was translated into 2 different ways-[principle] and [-ism] in the early 1870s of Japan. In 1880s, [Shyu-gi; 主義], the translation of [-ism], was popularized and entirely settled in Japanese language to be used not only in enlightening publications but also in magazines and newspapers. Meanwhile, [Ju-eui; 주의(主義)], the translated term of [ism], was first introduced in 『Ilsajypryak;(日槎集略)』 which was written by Lee Hunyoung in 1881 during the enlightening period of Joseon dynasty. In 1898, after 20 years from the first introduction of the word form, it was widely disseminated as to be used in the newspaper called [The Independent (Tongnip Sinmun)]. Since 1900, it has been entirely settled by using in many areas such as textbooks, novels, and so forth.

한국어

본 연구는 서구 근대 사상을 수용하고 그 개념을 표현하는데 필수적 단어인 [- ism]이 [주의(主義)]로 번역되기까지의 과정을 한중일 근대 자료를 중심으로 고찰한 것이다. [주의(主義)]는 근대 일본(메이지기)에서 한적의 어형을 차용하여 의미를 바꾸어 만들어낸 번역어이다. 원래 [주의]는 중국 고전에서 [강하게 주장하는 일정한 사상] [도리]의 의미로 사용되고 있었다. 1867년 일본은 메이지 유신을 거치게 되고, 일본 에는 서양의 근대 어휘들이 물밀 듯 밀려들어와 일본어로 번역되기 시작한다. 메이 지 유신이 지난 지 얼마 되지 않은 1870년대 초반, 일본에서 [주의]는 서양어 [principle]의 번역어로 차용되어 [원리, 방침]의 의미로 사용된다. 한편, 같은 시기 일본에서 [주의]는 [-ism]의 번역어로도 사용되게 된다. 즉, 1870년대 초반 일본에서 [주의]는 [principle]과 [-ism]의 두 개의 단어의 번역어로 사용되고 있었던 것이다. 1880년대, [-ism]의 번역어 [주의]는 계몽용 저서에는 물론 일반인을 대상으로 한 잡 지, 신문 등에 사용될 정도로 대중화되어 일본어에 완전히 정착하게 된다. 한편, 개화기 조선, [-ism]의 번역어 [주의]는 1881년 수신사 이헌영의 『일사집략』에 의해 처음 소개된다. 어형이 소개된 후, 약 20여년이 지난 1898년에는 [독립신문]에 사용될 정도로 일반인에게 전파된 상태였으며, 1900년 이후에는, 교과서, 소설 등에 다수가 사용되면서 완전히 한국어에 정착하게 된다.