earticle

영어

Many industrial injuries in Service Industry occur in the third industry and in conveyance by land industry in Japan. The Government pursues many various policies to prevent industrial injury in the industries. An author intends to introduce the policies by the Government, and duties of an employer and its employee by the law. Conclusions are as follows: First, the Supreme Court of Japan holds that an independent employer could be an employee on the Labor Union Act. The employer generally performs an after service for consumer who had purchased goods from a big corporation. So he or she has a right to organize, bargains with its employer of the corporation collectively with respect to an unit price against his or her performing the service, and makes a collective agreement. Affairs about prevention of industrial injury could be included in the agreement. Second, the policies against an earthquake by the Government and a Local Government has close relations with the prevention of industrial injury. Where an earthquake occurs, because serious industrial injuries also inevitably occur. Third, the Government makes and issues many regulations to protect employees from industrial injuries. Furthermore it is notable that the Japanese keeps well the regulations. In practice industrial injuries in Japan have been reduced steadily and gradually in all industries. Forth, the Government pursues various policies to prevent the overwork suicide or a death from overwork. One of the policies is to shorten working hours. On the other hand the Industry Safety and Health Act introduces a interview instruction system to keep and to promote employees' mental health. Finally, the Government issues a guideline to prevent industrial injuries from a traffic accident. An industrial injury by a traffic accident is also serious in Japan. The guideline especially provides that a contractor or a consignor has also some duties to keep a driver's safety in the conveyance by land industry.

한국어

본 논문은 일본의 산업재해 예방과 관련한 법령 및 지침 등을 소개한 것이다. 특 히 서비스 산업분야, 그 가운데서도 서비스 산업 분야에서 산업재해 발생률이 높은 제3차 산업과 육상화물운송사업을 중심으로 보았다. 제3차 산업인 서비스 산업에서의 산업재해 예방을 위한 매뉴얼, 지침, 그리고 심 각한 사회적 문제를 야기한 과로사 내지 과로자살에 대한 정부의 노력 등을 고찰함 으로써 그 특징을 보았다. 노동안전위생법상의 면접지도제도, 과로방지를 위한 특별 법제정에 의한 국가 및 지반자치단체의 책무, 나아가 근로시간 단축 및 연추유급휴 가 사용촉진 등의 과로방지에 대한 정부의 정책을 보았다. 육상화물운송사업에서의 산업재해 예방을 위한 교통산업재해 예방을 위한 가이드라인의 내용을 보았다. 자영업과 같은 사업자의 산업재해 보호의 논의의 필요성 관점에서 일본의 개인업 무위탁계약에 의한 수탁자의 근로자성 문제, 이들 업무 종사자들이 노동조합법상 근 로자라는 것에서 단체교섭 및 단체협약 체결을 통하여 적어도 제도적으로 산업재해 예방을 위한 제도이 설정이 가능하다는 것을 보았다. 그리고 일본의 경우 지진이라 는 자연재해에 의한 산업재해와의 관련성을 보았다.