earticle

영어

The author has reviewed how to discover the female’s identity reflecting in masterpieces of the ‘Thirteen Nights’ by Higuchi Ichiyo and ‘The Broken ring’ by Shimizu Shiking in the meiji period. The two ladies, Oseki, in the thirteen nights, not educated novel heroine and ‘I’ in the ‘Broken Ring’, well educated and high school graduated modern lady’ are commonly described to obey the old social customs. The 2 happenings, one is the husband’s abuse and insult to Oseki in the "Thirteen Nights" and the husband’s double marriage in the ‘Broken Ring,’ were the obvious causes of divorce even in that times. Firstly, in the Thirteen Night, Oseki had recognized her identity by raising the question on herself in the middle of abuse and contempt by husband. She decided the divorce to recover her identity by considering more herself than love to children. However, Oseki's parents used to old social ideology, tried to persuade Oseki not to divorce to keep her love to children and her younger brother’s success, even Keeping marriage would require her sacrifice. Her parents succeed in keeping her in the old social system named ‘family’ by sacrificing her life with not divorcing. On the contrary, even I in the broken ring graduated the high school, she recognized the contradiction of living in the female in Japan by having seen her parents’ very formal conjugal relationship, which the highly educated mother treated husband her father just formal and she did not have any compassion on husband. Strangely hearing, when I was old enough to marry, ‘I’ got married to man chosen parents. After married, I got know the man had already wife. ‘I"decided the strategy to change her husband to keep family, even it may need her sacrifice and she allow the relationship between her husband and his first wife. The husband’s behavior, however, has been worse and worse and there was no change of her husband and its worse situation concluded their divorce by agreement. ‘I’’s divorce in the ‘Broken Ring’means that one woman escaped from the old aged social system given to woman and same time the spiritual freedom and economical independence from husband, equally from the man. Furthermore, by declaring the remaining life for the world, it shows her strong intention that she wants to recover the female’s social identity by breaking internally the existing communal society. By reviewing the 2 novels, the authors in the meiji period described the differentiation between 2 mixed conceptual situation in the female world, which there are the well educated, independent and self conscious women group as well and the following women group not breaking and just following the old social system and customs.

일본어

筆者は明治期における女性作家樋口一葉の󰡔十三夜󰡕と󰡔こわれ指環󰡕を通じて‘女性の主体性’探しの方法を明らかにしようとした。教育に恵まれなかった󰡔十三夜󰡕の主人公お関と教育を受け、女学校を卒業した󰡔こわれ指環󰡕の‘私’は‘恭順’という共通分母を持っていた。󰡔十三夜󰡕では、夫の虐待と侮辱、󰡔こわれ指環󰡕では夫の二重婚がそれぞれ離婚の理由になっていた。󰡔十三夜󰡕のお関は、夫の虐待と侮辱によって、自分の存在感に疑問を感じつつ、自我を目覚めるようになった。つまり、息子を考える‘母情’よりは、自分の自我を考えるために離婚を決心した。ところが、お関は、自分の親の反対、または弟の出世を考慮し、犠牲をしてまでも離婚することは出来ないことを要求され、離婚をあきらめるようになった。ところが、󰡔こわれ指環󰡕の私は、親の姿をみて、形式的な夫婦関係に矛盾を感じつつ、女性の運命を改めて考えるようになった。親の薦めによって、いやおうもなく親が決めた相手と結婚することになった。どころが、相手は、外泊から始まって疑問を与えるような行動を止まなかった。それで、私は、結局協議離婚へたどりついた。このように󰡔十三夜󰡕のお関は離婚を諦め、制度の中に戻るが、󰡔こわれ指環󰡕の主人公である私は、一つの制度である結婚に立ち向かい、離婚することを選択したのである。このように、󰡔こわれ指環󰡕の私が、離婚を選択したのは、制度の呪縛から脱皮したことを意味すると同時に、夫からの精神的独立、経済的独立を意味していた。ひいては、私の人生を歩んでいくという、自分の生き方を改めることをも意味していた。既存共同体の内部からの'内破'を実践する一つの意思表示であったと言えよう。しかし、ここで筆者が主眼をおいたのは、離婚という方法が必ずしも制度からの脱皮を意味することとは見ていない。筆者が見ておきたかったのは、女性が'制度'から違う制度へ移動することがどのうなプロセスを同伴するのかを、詳しく追ってみる作業であった。つまり、女性による女性の主体性の獲得は、一枚岩的に表現可能なものではなく、女性そのあいだでも、重層的に交差しながら、自我を発見することを試みることが重要な点として浮かび上がってきた。