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Vitamin B2 (B2) plays an important role in the organisms because it is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotid, which function as coenzymes for a wide variety of enzymes in the intermediate metabolism. Thus, B2 have become one of the important fermentation products in biotechnology industry.
The B2 has been produced from fungi (Ashbya gossypii, Aspergillus terreus, & Eremothecium ashybii), yeasts (Candida famata or guilliermondii, Mycobacterium pheli, Saccharomyces, Hansenula, & Pichia etc), and bacteria (Clostridium acetobutylicum & Bacillus subtilis). The starting material in B2 biosynthesis is guanosine triposphate (GTP), which is converted to B2 through six enzymatic reactions. Though B. subtillus, C. famate, and A. gossypii operate via different pathways until GTP, they follow the same pathway from GTP to B2. The GTP fluxes
originate from three sources, serine, threonine and glyoxylates cycles. Our company
investigated various vegetable oils as the sole carbon source using A. gossypii for effective B2 production. Among various vegetable oils, soybean oil was the best one for effective B2 production. Especially, When lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or arachidic acid was used, the cell concentrations were similar to those without the addition of each fatty acid. However, in the case of the medium containing high linolenic acid, the cell concentration was markedly decreased. With the addition of linoleic acid or oleic acid, the B2 production was about 2.0-3.0 fold higher than that obtained without linoleic acid or oleic acid. Among the nitrogen sources, yeast extract and gelatin appeared to be the most important sources for the production of B2. After B2 fermentation, the decantation was carried out for separating B2 and supernatant. There were a lot of free amino acids, peptide, and protein in the supernatant. Our company is investigating the supernatant for the use of microorganism media, fertilizer, and agrochemical etc.