earticle

영어

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induce innate immune responses recognizing conserved microbial structural molecules.All TLR signaling pathways culminate in the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The activation of NF-κB leads to theinduction of inflammatory gene products such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Guggul has been used for centuries to treat avariety of diseases. Guggulstreone, one of the active ingredients in guggul, has been used to treat many chronic diseases.However, the mechanism as to how guggulsterone mediate the health effects is largely unknown. Here, we report biochemicalevidence that guggulsterone inhibits the NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression induced by TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4agonists. Guggulsterone also inhibits the NF-κB activation induced by downstream signaling components of TLRs, myeloiddifferential factor 88 (MyD88), IκB kinase β (IKKβ), and p65. These results imply that guggulsterone can modulate theimmune responses regulated by TLR signaling pathways.