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영어

In the 1990's, many countries initiated active reforms to transfer their educational systems from a centralized administrative control model to a decentralized self-managing one by adopting School-Based Management policy. This policy is in line with the basic objectives of primary and secondary school reforms to implement the principles of decentralization and democratization.
The primary and secondary school reforms aims at creating diversified and specialized schools by way of overcoming the regulation of bureaucracy and reflecting the diverse needs of students, parents, communities. In this regard, many countries introduced a brand new school model calling “self-managing school model” to these schools to be managed independently of the
traditional bureaucratic administrative control. In this model, the Government delegates overall range of decision making power in the areas of curriculum, staffing, financing, student recruitment. This study analyses the background, the status, and the framework of the
newly introduced self-managing schools in Korea, USA, UK, and Australia. Each country introduced a regulation-free self-managing school model named as “Ja Yul(autonomous) School”, “Charter School”, “Academy School”, “the Schools of the Future”. This study analyses and compares the degree and continuum status of autonomy of these four types of schools by designingtwo or three criteria in each area of curriculum, staffing, financing, student recruitment.
In Korea, in 1998, even though the Government laid a legal ground for introducing self-managing schools, the Government is reluctant to generalize to many schools, and does not initiate any further effort to enact an independent Law to set up the new school model. In addition, this new
school model policy is not backed up by substantial reforms to transfer current centralized administrative system in Korea. The weakness of this policy is one of the fundamental problems in the implementation of school reforms to change the ineffectiveness of public school system.
In USA, and UK, the Governments enacted a special Law to allow “Charter Schools”, and “Academy Schools” a very independent legal status to be opted out and managed under a regulation-free framework. The Governments delegated to a great number of schools overall range of decision making power in the areas of curriculum, staffing, financing, student recruitment. Above all, these two school models have in common spectacular decentralization in the regulation-free management in the areas of curriculum and staffing.
In Australia, eight State Governments initiated various school reforms, each reform has in common self-managing school framework towards the system of decentralization, delegation, and de-regulation of bureaucracy in the new 21C. This school reform of each State Government is also influenced by the model of School-Based Management. The Schools of the Future, one of the most famous school reform model in Victoria Government, represents a self-managing school model and shows a striking transfer toward a decentralized administrative system in the areas of staffing and school financing.