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Choi, Joonseok. “Mark Twain and White Literature.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 33.1(2007): 179-199. From the beginning black slavery tainted America so that it became an all-subsuming fatal issue throughout. It can be a critical gauge to clarify American literature for the reason that it has constituted the core of reality of life. The most representative works of the first literary Renaissance show exclusion or evasion of the material, which makes their literature partial and limited. Such literature can not but be called white literature. Huckleberry Finn reveals the hard reality of slavery as it is. It can serve as a text of black literature. It may be safely said that Mark Twain stands on its tradition from David Wallker and Mrs. Stowe through Charles Chesnutt and William Du Bois to black writers in 20th Century. Such writers as Twain and Faulkner transcend the division of white and black literature and become integrative. Integrative lit erature can really be called proper literature of America. (Chonbuk National University)