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Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the effect of palatal thickness and reinforcement insertion on the three-dimensional precision of the mucosal surface of maxillary denture bases after polymerization. Methods: Fifteen edentulous maxillary casts were fabricated and divided into three groups (n=5). The convention, complete denture, double-layer of base plate wax (CCD) group was fabricated with a double-layer baseplate wax without reinforcement. The reinforcement material, complete denture, double-layer of base plate wax (RCD) group used the same wax thickness with reinforcement insertion, whereas the reinforcement, complete denture, triple- layer of base plate wax (RCT) group was fabricated with triple-layer wax and reinforcement. After conventional heat polymerization, the mucosal surfaces were scanned, and the STL data were analyzed using best-fit superimposition. Precision was quantified by measuring the surface deviation values (μm), and the color difference maps were generated for visual analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s post hoc test (α=0.05). Results: The CCD group showed the lowest mean surface deviation (46.69±10.65 μm), followed by the RCD group (63.10±16.70 μm), and the RCT group (82.76±20.94 μm). Significant differences were observed among all groups (p<0.001). The color difference maps revealed more uniform deviation patterns in the CCD group, whereas the RCT group presented with broader negative deviations in the central palatal region and mixed deviation patterns in the peripheral areas. Conclusion: Increased palatal thickness and reinforcement insertion significantly influenced the three-dimensional precision of the denture based-mucosal surface. Thus, structural optimization considering both reinforcement design and thickness control is required to maintain morphological stability.