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영어

This study examined the effects of test-related competitive anxiety on putting performance and heart rate in amateur collegiate golfers. Forty-one students (33 males, 8 females; mean age = 21.8 years) participated. Competitive anxiety was measured using the CSAI-2, and heart rate was recorded with the Polar H10 sensor. Participants performed putting tasks at 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m under control and test-stress conditions. Results showed significant increases in cognitive and somatic anxiety and decreased self-confidence under the test-stress condition (p < .001). Heart rate was also significantly higher during testing (p < .001). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects of condition (p < .001, η² = .55) and distance (p < .001, η² = .78), and a significant interaction effect (p = .002, η² = .14), indicating greater performance declines at longer distances. These findings suggest that test-related stress elevates psychological and physiological arousal, leading to decreased fine-motor performance in amateur golfers. The results highlight the importance of incorporating psychological skills training into golf education and performance assessment.