earticle

영어

Korean permits wh-constructions that violate syntactic constraints such as the Complex Noun Phrase Constraint of relative clauses, the Subject Condition, and the Adjunct Condition. It also allows fronting of coordinated structures that combine wh-phrases and regular nouns, constructions typically ungrammatical in English. This paper highlighted Korean patterns that remain grammatical despite infringing upon island constraints strictly enforced in English syntax. In English wh-questions, Korean ‘ceney’ and ‘hwuey’ are respectively reversed to after and before due to island effects and backtracking. Such strategies include generating wh-elements in the matrix clause or converting Korean -ki and -ko complement clauses into English infinitival or that-less clauses. Korean wh-expressions violating the Subject Condition are translated with whose- or which-NP constructions, while coordinated wh-phrases are mapped onto English forms with ‘wh-else+with-NP’. This paper examined how constraint differences in wh-interrogative constructions between Korean and English were represented and implemented in generative AI systems such as LLMs. Based on ChatGPT-5/Gemini results, the study showed that Korean in-situ wh-phrases were realized as matrix or monoclausal clauses in English to avoid island effects.