earticle

영어

Purpose: This study aims to provide baseline data for developing occupational safety and health policies tailored to industrial characteristics by comparing and analyzing the safety and health management systems of the construction and manufacturing industries using the 2015 Occupational Safety and Health Survey data. Methods: A total of 3,000 worksites (1,000 in construction and 2,000 in manufacturing) were selected as analysis subjects from the 2015 Occupational Safety and Health Survey. Workplace and worker characteristics, hazardous factors, safety and health management systems, and safety and health education status were surveyed. Differences between industries were verified using chi-square tests and independent samples t-tests. Results: The construction industry had a higher proportion of non-regular workers (469.6 vs. 5.9, p<.001), with particularly more elderly non-regular workers. Regarding hazardous factor exposure, the construction industry showed significantly higher exposure rates to dangerous workplaces (71.9% vs. 16.0%), ergonomic hazards(71.1% vs. 60.0%), and psychosocial hazards (33.8% vs. 23.1%) compared to the manufacturing industry (all p<.001). In terms of safety and health management systems, the construction industry's investment level (17,168 million won) was 6.7 times higher than manufacturing (2,573 million won) (p<.001). Regarding safety and health education, the construction industry focused on new employee group training (36.1 hours vs. 18.3 hours, p<.001), but education for work content changes (16.9 hours vs. 36.7 hours, p<.001) and non-statutory education (20.8 hours vs. 73.1 hours, p<.001) were significantly lacking. Conclusion: The construction industry faces fundamentally different conditions from the manufacturing industry in terms of employment instability, hazard characteristics, and education systems. Safety and health management in the construction industry needs to shift away from a safety-focused approach toward strengthened health management, establishment of continuous education systems, and industry-specific policies considering aging workers and increasing foreign workers. However, since this study is based on single-point data from 2015, future research using time-series data to verify the effects of policy improvements and qualitative research to identify actual barriers is required.