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Purpose: This study aimed to examine workers’ understanding of occupational health-related risk assessment items and to identify differences according to tenure and job position. Methods: A total of 348 workers from various industries participated in a survey assessing understanding across seven domains of health-related risk assessment: job stress, cardiovascular disease, emotional labor, heat exposure, cold exposure, physical burden, and non-routine work. Reliability for each domain was verified using Cronbach’s α (.95–.98). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, and independent t-tests were performed using SPSS 27.0 to identify differences by tenure and job position. Results: Significant differences in understanding were observed across both tenure and job position (p<.001). Workers with less than five years of tenure showed higher levels of understanding compared with those with 5–10 years and ten or more years of experience across all domains. Similarly, employees below the team leader level demonstrated significantly greater understanding than those in managerial positions. Conclusion: Workers’ understanding of health-related risk assessment items varies according to tenure and job position, underscoring the need for tailored education and strengthened leadership involvement. Periodic refresher training and case-based learning are recommended to reinforce understanding of health-related risks, while managerial training should emphasize organizational responsibility, legal accountability, and safety leadership. These findings provide foundational evidence for promoting workplace health and safety culture and for developing differentiated strategies to enhance the implementation of health-related risk assessments across diverse occupational environments.