earticle

영어

This study quantitatively analyzes the correlation between the Japanese response marker naruhodo and accompanying nonverbal behavior, specifically nodding, using a multimedia corpus. While previous research has mainly focused on other response markers such as soudesune, the interaction between naruhodo and nonverbal cues remains insufficiently explored. The main findings are as follows. First, naruhodo was primarily used by interviewers and moderators, indicating that the speaker’s role in the broadcast had a greater impact on its usage than factors such as age or gender. Second, in two-thirds of the naruhodo occurrences, it co-occurred with nodding behavior, especially when the preceding utterance reflected the speaker’s subjective opinion. Third, nodding rates and response types varied depending on the follow-up utterance, with two main patterns observed—continued attentive listening and confirmation requests—and nodding before a confirmation request tended to amplify explicit agreement. These findings suggest that linguistic and nonverbal elements function complementarily and highlight the need for theoretical and methodological expansion in multimodal interaction research.