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Purpose: This study examines burnout, compassion competence, and their mediating effects on the relationship between the nursing work environment and person-centered care among nurses working in geriatric hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 201 participants. Data were collected from February 3 to April 25, 2025, using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro (4.0). Results: The mean score for person-centered care was 3.18±0.78 (range 1~5). Person-centered care was significantly associated with the nursing work environment (r=.43, p<.001), burnout (r=-.54, p<.001), and compassion competence (r=.50, p<.001). Using PROCESS macro model 4, the resercher determined that the nursing work environment did not directly affect person-centered care (B=0.13, p=.089) but directly affected both nurses’ burnout (B=-0.83, p<.001) and compassion competence (B=0.63, p<.001). The full mediating effects of burnout (B=0.20, p<.001 95% bootstrap. CI=0.10~0.32) and compassion competence (B=0.14, p<.001, 95% bootstrap. CI=0.05~0.25) on the relationship between nursing work environment and person-centered care were confirmed. Conclusion: Therefore, burnout and compassion competence among geriatric hospital nurses should be considered when developing nursing interventions aimed at improving the work environment and promoting person-centered care.