earticle

한국어

This study presents a quantitative analysis of how Japanese verb forms used in adnominal clauses (ル, タ, テイル, テイタ) correspond to Korean attributive endings (은, 는, 을, 던, 고 있는, 어 있는, 고 있던, 어 있던) based on temporal and pragmatic functions. A total of 1,000 examples from contemporary Japanese novels and their Korean translations were annotated with one of five temporal categories (precedence, simultaneity, subsequence, interruption, atemporal) and one of seven pragmatic functions (iteration, recollection, attribute, progression, state, completion, intention), and analyzed using cross-tabulations and chi-square tests. The findings reveal that each Japanese verb form strongly correlates with specific Korean attributive endings depending on its temporal and pragmatic function. For instance, the ル-form is frequently paired with ｢는｣ to express simultaneous progression and atemporal attributes, while the タ-form predominantly aligns with ｢은｣ to denote completed actions or enduring past states. The テイル-form combines with ｢는｣, ｢은｣, and ｢고 있는｣ to express ongoing or resultant states, and the テイタ-form shows a strong tendency to pair with ｢던｣, particularly in interrupted or recollective contexts. All observed patterns were statistically significant. This research contributes to contrastive linguistics by offering empirical evidence that the mapping between Japanese adnominal verb forms and Korean attributive endings is semantically motivated rather than arbitrary, and shows how quantitative methods can complement qualitative analyses in translation, language education, and computational linguistics.