earticle

영어

This study was to examine the characteristics of households classified into four types based on changes in the poverty status between 2021 and 2023 -persistently poor households, households that entered into poverty, households that escaped from poverty, and persistently non-poor households- by analyzing their financial resources and financial ratios. Furthermore, the study was to give policy and household financial suggestions based on the findings for each type of households. The empirical data were from the 17th and 19th waves of the Korea Welfare Panel Survey(KWPS). The results are as follows: For persistently poor households, total income, market income, and average monthly disposable income increased, but public transfer income decreased. Household expenditures, consumption expenditure and non-consumption expenditure increased. Total assets, financial assets, and real estate assets declined. Total debt increased, although institutional loans and credit card debt decreased and private loans and housing(jeonse) deposits increased. It resulted in a decrease of net assets. Regarding financial ratios, the average propensity to consume decreased, while surplus, household balance indicator, emergency fund indicator, and debt repayment indicator decreased, and savings increased. For households that entered into poverty, total income, market income, average monthly disposable income decreased, but public transfer income increased. Household expenditures, consumption expenditure, and non-consumption expenditure decreased. Total assets, financial assets, and real estate assets declined. Total debt, institutional loans, private loans, and housing(jeonse) deposits decreased, but credit card debt increased. It resulted in a decline of net assets. The average propensity to consume and household financial balance indicator increased, surplus income, savings, emergency fund indicator, and debt repayment capacity declined. For households that escaped from poverty, total income, market income, and average monthly disposable income increased, but public transfer income decreased. Household expenditures and consumption expenditure increased, but non-consumption expenditure decreased. Total assets, financial assets, and real estate assets declined. Total debt and housing(jeonse) deposits decreased, but institutional loans and private loans increased. It resulted in a reduction of net assets. The average propensity to consume decreased, but surplus income, savings, and debt repayment capacity increased. The household financial balance indicator and emergency fund indicator declined. For persistently non-poor households, total income, market income, and average monthly disposable income increased, but public transfer income decreased. Household expenditures and consumption expenditure decreased, but non-consumption expenditure increased. Total assets, financial assets, and real estate assets declined. Total debt, institutional loans, credit card debt, and housing(jeonse) deposits decreased, but private loans increased. It resulted in a reduction of net assets. Regarding financial ratios, the average propensity to consume, surplus income, savings, and debt repayment capacity increased, the household financial balance indicator and emergency fund indicator decreased.

한국어

본 연구는 2021년과 2023년의 빈곤여부 및 변동에 따라 가계를 빈곤지속 가계, 빈곤진입 가계, 빈곤탈출 가계 그리고 비빈곤지속 가계로 유형화하고, 가계의 재무자원과 재무비율을 토대로 이들 가계유형의 특성을 실증적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 나아가 이를 토대로 이들 가계에 대한 정책적, 가계재무적 함의를 도출하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석 자료는 제17차와 제19차 한국복지패널조사(KOWEPS) 자료이다. 분석결과, 빈곤지속 가계는 총소득, 시장소득과 월평균 가처분소득은 증가하였고 공적이전소득은 감소하였으며, 가계지출, 소비지출과 비소비지출은 증가하였다. 총자산, 금융자산과 부동산자산은 감소하였고, 총부채는 증가하 였으나 금융기관대출과 카드빚은 감소하였으며, 일반사채와 전세보증금은 증가한 것으로 순자산은 감소하였다. 재무비율로, 평균소비성향은 감소하였고, 흑자액, 가계수지지표, 비상자금지표와 부채상환지표는 감소하였으며, 저축액은 증가하였다. 빈곤진입 가계는 총소득, 시장소득, 월평균 가처분소득은 감소하였으나 공적이전소득은 증 가하였고, 가계지출, 소비지출과 비소비지출은 감소하였다. 총자산, 금융자산과 부동산자산은 감소하였고, 총부채, 금융기관대출, 일반사채와 전세보증금은 감소하였으나 카드빚은 증가한 것으로 순자산은 감소하였다. 빈곤진입 가계의 재무비율은 평균소비성향과 가계수지지표는 증가하였고, 흑자액, 저축액, 비상자금지표와 부채상환지표는 감소하였다. 빈곤탈출 가계는 총소득, 시장소득, 월평균 가처분소득은 증가하였으나 공적이전소득은 감소하였고, 가계지출과 소비지출은 증가하였으나 비소비지출은 감소하였다. 총자산, 금융자산과 부동산자산은 감소하였고, 총부채, 전세보증금은 감소하였으나 금융기관대출과 일반사채는 증가한 것으로 순자산은 감소하였다. 빈곤탈출 가계의 재무비율은 평균소비성향은 감소하였고, 흑자액, 저축액과 부채상환지표는 증가하였으며, 가계수지지표와 비상자금지표는 감소하였다. 한편 비빈곤지속 가계는 총소득, 시장소득, 월평균 가처분소득은 증가하였으나 공적 이전소득은 감소하였고, 가계지출과 소비지출은 감소하였으나 비소비지출은 증가하였다. 총자산, 금융자산과 부동 산자산은 감소하였고, 총부채, 금융기관대출, 카드빚, 전세보증금은 감소하였으나 일반사채는 증가한 것으로 순자 산은 감소하였다. 비빈곤지속 가계의 재무비율은 평균소비성향, 흑자액, 저축액과 부채상환지표는 증가하지만, 가 계수지지표와 비상자금지표는 감소하였다.