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Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the translucency and masking ability of colored zirconia cores at different thicknesses and investigate the optical effects on these factors. Methods: Three zirconia brands were used for the experimental groups: Everest; Kavo, LAVA; 3M ESPE, Zirkonzahn Prettau Zirkon; and Zirkonzahn, and e.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent AG) was used as control. Everest has five, LAVA has seven, and Zirkonzahn has five shading systems. Two types of colored e.max Press ingots were used. After pre-sintered zirconia specimens were colored using appropriate colorants, they were sintered according to manufacturers’ instructions. Overall, 285 specimens were fabricated in three thicknesses: 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mm. Color measurements were performed for all specimens on white, black, and C4 shade backgrounds using a spectroradiometer. The translucency parameter (TP) and masking ability were calculated for statistical analysis, and the Predictive Analytics Software program was used. Results: Overall, Zirconia cores exhibited lower TP values than e.max Press; however, Zirkonzahn showed higher TP values at certain thicknesses. Lightness decreased with darker shades; however, TP values were not significantly different. Masking ability improved with increased core thickness and darker shades. Changes in scattering and absorption coefficients also affected translucency. Conclusion: The TP value of colored zirconia cores did not consistently decrease with darker shades; however, masking ability was enhanced with increased shade darkness and core thickness. These findings indicate that the clinical use of darker shades may improve masking performance. However, further studies under clinical conditions are warranted.