earticle

영어

The proliferation of digital technologies has led users to engage in various forms of unpaid labor, commonly referred to as digital shadow work. However, existing research lacks a unified framework to classify shadow work in terms of task characteristics, user autonomy, and affective responses. This study proposes a three-dimensional analytical framework composed of Task Type, Autonomy Level, and Affective Response to conceptualize and systematically classify digital shadow work. A total of 34 relevant studies were re-analyzed and mapped onto the framework, which demonstrated its explanatory power and applicability across diverse contexts. The study also confirms the framework’s conceptual validity and reliability, and discusses its theoretical and practical implications in management, information systems, and service operations research.