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Background: Radon, a radioactive gas, is ubiquitous and commonly inhaled by individuals. It was originating from the Earth's crust. Radon can also be released by building materials, water, basement air, soil, and other environmental components. When radon gas decays, it produces radioactive particles that can be inhaled. These particles damage lung tissue, increasing the risk of lung cancer over time. Materials and Methods: Indoor and outdoor radon concentrations were determined in 24 houses in two cities in Al-Najaf province, Al-Najaf city and Al-Kufa city, using Airthings Corentium Digital Radon Detector. Results and Discussion: The arithmetic mean of indoor radon concentration was 18.09±9.41 Bq/m3, while the arithmetic mean of outdoor radon concentration was 4.50±2.96 Bq/m3. The arithmetic mean of ‘the annual effective dose’ received by home occupants by indoor radon was 0.46±0.24 mSv/yr. The arithmetic mean of the ‘effective dose to the lung’ was 1.09±0.57 mSv/yr. Conclusion: The total annual effective dose due to indoor and outdoor radon concentration was lower than the reference level of International Commission on Radiological Protection. The results of the radiological survey due to indoor and outdoor radon levels in studied dwellings suggest that the radionuclides and their radiological hazard indexes in all studied dwellings do not impose a health hazard.