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PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Pilates stabilization exercise and breathing re-education training on pain, disability index, and psychological factors in patients with chronic lower back pain. The assessment was conducted based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, the Korean Oswestry Disability Index (KODI) scores, and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) scores. METHODS: In total, 36 patients with lower back pain were recruited and randomly divided into the experimental group (EG: n=18) and the control group (CG: n=18, participants in the EG received breathing re-education training and Pilates stabilization exercises). For 50-minute sessions of Pilates stabilization exercises three days a week for 4 weeks, while those in the CG only performed Pilates stabilization exercises. The VAS, KODI, and FABQ scores of the patients were measured before and after exercise. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of intervention, the VAS, KODI, and FABQ scores before and after the intervention differed significantly in both groups (p<.01). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in VAS and KODI scores between the EG and CG groups after the intervention (p<.05). There was no statistically significant difference in FABQ scores between the EG and CG groups after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the VAS, KODI, and FABQ scores improved in patients who underwent Pilates stabilization and breathing re-education training. Therefore, Pilates stabilization exercise combined with breathing re-education can be effectively utilized in clinical practice to treat and prevent chronic lower back pain. Therefore, Pilates stabilization exercise combined with breathing re-education can be effectively utilized in clinical practice to treat and prevent chronic lower back pain.