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영어

This study examined the characteristics and changes in Aspect that appeared in ‘Koto shogaku Tokbon’, a middle school textbook in the nationally designated textbook era (Meiji??Showa period). The analysis period is from the 1st to 3rd periods of the nationally designated textbook era and The scope of analysis is from volumes 1 to 3 of textbooks for each period(Meiji 36??Shohwa 23). The results of this paper are as follows. First, As the forms of Aspect, ‘-te iru’, ‘-te woru’, ‘continuative form + iru’ and ‘-te aru’ were appeared. This shows that this period was a period of morphological confusion. However, among the above forms, ‘-te iru’ has the highest usage frequency at 68.2% of all examples, which shows that the ‘-te iru’ form was already widely used in the early 20th century. At the analysis data of this study, It was appeared it was appeared that the process of changing from written language to spoken language and the process of various forms changing into ‘-te iru’. In addition, The instability of the case system appears in ‘-te aru’ combined with passive sentences or transitive verbs were confirmed. Next, looking at the characteristics of the subject of Aspect, ‘continuative form+iru, -te iru, -te woru’ takes animate nouns and inanimate nouns as the subject, but ‘-te aru’, only were combined with inanimate things. In addition, the frequency of inanimate Subjects in all forms of Aspect appeared to be increasing, and the types of inanimate objects had also become more diverse, too. Lastly, Examining the semantic characteristics of Aspcet, about 70% of all examples showed the meaning of resultative state. The form of ‘-te iru’ had the meaning of progressive aspect and resultative state, but ‘-te wooru’ and ‘-te aru’ mainly expressed the meaning of state. However, It was appeared the difference in that ‘-te aru’ only combines with inanimate objects, while ‘-te wooru’ takes both animate and inanimate objects as the subject. In addition, It was appeared that the nature of Subject and the category of Verb were more diverse in ‘-te wooru’ compared to ‘-te iru’.