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Objectives: This study analyzed the relationship between health information literacy and glycated hemoglobin in 1,671 adults aged 19 or older using 2023 data from the 9th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: Frequency analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the general characteristics of the study subjects and factors affecting glycated hemoglobin. Results: As a result of this study, in the case of health information literacy, the risk of developing pre-diabetes was 2.169 times higher and the risk of developing diabetes was 2.374 times higher when the answer to the questionCan you judge whether health information obtained from the Internet or media is trustworthy?. Conclusions: Using the results of this study, efforts are needed to implement continuous health education and prepare customized health policies for diabetes prevention and health management in order to manage glycated hemoglobin and improve health information literacy.