earticle

영어

When extraction occurs from islands, such as complex NPs or adjunct clauses, a sentence becomes unacceptable. Plain fragments are acceptable because ellipsis can repair the island violation, but NPI(negative polarity item) fragments can not, as ellipsis do not resolve the island issue for NPIs. NPI fragments show a more pronounced island constraint effect compared to scrambled NPI constructions, as opposed to the plain fragment repair effect. The adverbial NPI ‘NP-pakkey’ in an adjunct clause is not licensed by higher clause negation so scrambling it to the sentence-initial position and forming a fragment violates the adjunct island constraint. Unlike the argument NPI ‘amw(N)to,’ ‘NP-pakkey’ functions as an adverbial in long-distance contexts, exhibiting full island constraint effects. Multiple NPIs, including those in the subject position, cannot be licensed from islands at long distances. Finally, the paper argues that the NPI ‘amw(N)to’ can be licensed with the adverbial conjunction '-ceney,' while the NPI ‘NP-pakkey’ cannot.