earticle

영어

This study examines the initial policy making processes that shaped low fertility policies in South Korea and Japan from the late 1980s to early 2000s, using Kingdon's Multiple Streams Theory. Through comparative analysis of problem recognition, policy formulation, and political dynamics, the research reveals significant differences in the countries' approaches. Korea rapidly shifted to pronatalist policies, framing low fertility as a national emergency, while Japan's response, triggered by the "1.57 shock" of 1989, evolved gradually towards family support and work-life balance. The study highlights the role of policy entrepreneurs and the distinct convergence of problem, policy, and political streams in each country. Findings underscore the importance of initial policy framing and comprehensive approaches in addressing demographic challenges. This research contributes to understanding low fertility policy development in East Asia and offers insights for future strategies in tackling persistently low fertility rates.