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영어

This paper explains the fourfold assembly, which refers to Buddha's four types of disciples in Chinese Buddhist scriptures, namely ‘Biqiu(Bhikshu)’, ‘Biqiuni(Bhikshuni)’, ‘Youposai (Upasaka)’ and ‘Youpoyi(Upasika)’ in relation to Social Deixis. With the introduction of Buddhism into China and the spread of Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist vocabulary became established in the Chinese language, significantly influencing the vocabulary, sentence structure, and grammar systems of modern Chinese and Korean. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis, starting from the usage in Chinese Buddhist scriptures translated from the original Sanskrit, to the changes in usage in modern Chinese, and further examines the differences in usage between Chinese and Korean. Through this, it was found that changes occurred not only due to the historical and societal contexts of China but also in the Korean language influenced by Chinese Buddhism. This is because the concept of the fourfold assembly, which originated from the foreign language Sanskrit, was unfamiliar in everyday linguistic environments. Subsequently, words that suited the societies and cultures of the two countries either replaced them or new words were created for universal usage. Social deixis plays a crucial role in forming new social relationships or understanding the social positions, differences, and relationships among conversation participants. It is complex and varies widely across languages. It is a crucial linguistic tool that concretely reflects the society, culture, and structure of a nation or group. Since it is closely related to historical, social, and cultural backgrounds, choosing the right context is essential in linguistic environments. Furthermore, due to its nature as a grammatical component that frequently changes with the overall linguistic environment, the types and usages differ significantly across languages, posing challenges in handling translations. Therefore, incorrect usage of Social Deixis in language exchange between Buddhist communities can cause misunderstandings, necessitating careful attention to its application.