earticle

영어

This study reviewed environmental and ecological services of urban forests regarding urban air, water, soil, and wildlife, and explored desirable design strategies to enhance the multiple services of urban forests. Urban forests ameliorated urban microclimate conditions and saved building energy uses through evapotranspiration, shading, and windspeed reduction. They reduced air pollutant concentrations from deposition and absorption, and controlled water pollution through rainfall interception and liquid matter uptake. They also increased wildlife diversity by providing cover and food. These environmental and ecological services were variable with different structures of urban forests. Maximizing the services requires a linkage of holistic and individualistic approach to urban forest design. The design through holistic approach should determine a desirable indicator of urban forest supply and proper spatial layout of urban forest patches at the whole urban scale. Horizontal and vertical forest structures at finer spatial scales are also critical for each type of urban forests such as gardens, parks, and streets. The services of urban forests were directly associated with their area, volume, and spatial network as well as density, size, and growth rate of planted trees. A new design skill for urban forests was presented and discussed in this study.