earticle

영어

Spiders are divided into two classes, wandering and web-building spiders, according to their ecological characteristics, and thus their living environment and the process of collecting preys are distinct. In this study, we investigated the differences in functional properties of spider venom according to the ecological characteristics of wandering spider and web-building spider, respectively. We determined growth inhibition effects of selected spiders using gram-positive (B. cereus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. In addition, the activation or inhibition of ion channel (Ca2+ channel, Na+ channel, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) were confirmed by measuring intracellular Ca2+ concentration in SH-SY5Y cells using the selected spider venoms. Analysis of antibacterial and neurotoxic activities of the venom indicated that wandering spiders are more effective for antibacterial function compared to web-building spiders, while web-building spiders are more cellular neurotoxic than wandering spiders. Furthermore, the analysis of sequences of expressed RNA in the venom gland was performed by using Argiope bruennichi to identify the peptides containing antimicrobial and neurotoxic activities. We evaluated the effect of the identified venom peptides in growth inhibition of fungi (F. oxysporum) and the activation or inhibition on the Ca2+ channel. Our results showed that two novel venom peptides have antifungal activity, which exhibit the function to enhance the cell membrane permeability of F. oxysporum. Moreover, we verified two distinct venom peptides that significantly inhibited Ca2+ channels. Antimicrobial activity and the efficacy in inactivating Ca2+ channel, which were found in the peptides specific for the venom derived from Argiope bruennichi, can be utilized in development of natural antifungal agents as well as anesthetic or painkiller related to its neurotoxicity.