earticle

영어

Anti-discrimination student uprisings (known as “Issei Kyudan Toso”) arose in the late 1960s and early 1970s in several Japanese high schools in the Hanshin (Osaka-Kobe) area. Encouraged by the rapid rise of the Buraku liberation movement in the 1960s, Korean students attending Japanese high schools in the Hanshin area, who had passed as Japanese by using Japanese-style names began to identify as Koreans by using their real (ethnic) names. They established themselves as ethnic subjects who fought against discrimination in Japanese society and severely criticized Japanese teachers for turning a blind eye to the discrimination they faced and were victims of. This study reveals how identity politics functioned in this process by analyzing a recent novel titled “Bokura no Hanran (Our Rebellion),” written by a second-generation Zainichi Korean writer, Bang Jeongung. Bang was one of the leading activists of the student uprising, later became a high school teacher, and wrote a novel based on his own experiences after retirement. Bang’s novel provides valuable insight into how Korean students at Japanese high schools in the Hanshin area experienced the anti-discrimination movement in the late 1960s, when it was om the rise. From today’s perspective, the ethnic identity constructed in this movement seems to be too monolithic, even suppressive of each individual’s intersectionality; however, Bang’s novel depicts a strong enough momentum of this movement at its inception point to make participants focus on ethnic identity.

일본어

日本では，1960年代末から1970年代初めにかけて，阪神間の高校の一部で， 「一斉糾弾闘争」と呼ばれる運動が高揚した。被差別の立場に置かれた生徒たち が，部落出身である，あるいは朝鮮人であるといった自らの立場性を明らかにし ながら立ち上がり，日本社会の差別問題と向き合おうとしない教師たちを糾弾 したのである。本稿では，その当事者でありのちに高校教員となった方政雄が自 身の経験を踏まえつつ著した小説「ボクらの叛乱」を手がかりとして，「一斉糾弾 闘争」がこの時期にこの地域で起こった歴史的文脈と，そこで作動していたアイ デンティティ・ポリティックスのあり方を明らかにした。部落解放運動の展開 を背景として反差別の運動が高揚し，差別と闘う主体が求められるなかで，通名 を用いて生きてきた朝鮮人生徒の場合であれば「本名宣言」を行って朝鮮人とし てカムアウトし差別と向き合うようなアイデンティティのあり方が選択された ことを明らかにするとともに，今日的観点からすると，個人のインターセク ショナリティを抑圧するようなアイデンティティのあり方ではあるが，当時は そのようなあり方が歴史的必然性を有していたことを指摘した。