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영어

Jeolla Province, inheriting the traditions of the Silla and Goryeo dynasties, saw the development of major cities at an early stage, leading to the appearance of its provincial name earlier than in other regions. Joseon dynasty established the position of Gyesugwan(界首官) to inherit traditions, and gradually, major cities changed in various fields. First, in terms of civil administration, the number of cities to which officials of third rank or higher are dispatched increased to 12. Tracing its origins reveals traditional cities from the Silla and Goryeo dynasties, cities promoted due to their connections with the royal family, and cities reorganized for military needs. Second, in terms of military administration, it resulted in either option Geojin(巨鎭) or Jinyeong(鎭營) being concluded with 8 entities. Geojins were established in strategic military locations targeting cities governed by officials of third rank or higher for defense. The Jinkwan(鎭管) defence system, having experienced wars, was reborn as a Jinyeong focused on practical defensive functions. Third, in terms of judicial administration, there were up to five special local police forces(討捕營). The task of catching thieves was the responsibility of the magistrate, but when the force was too large for individual cities to handle, Toposa(討 捕使) were dispatched from the central government. As armed robbers became prevalent, special local police forces were established or magistrates in strategic locations were given the additional role of Toposa to block the movements of thieves. As peace persisted, a measure was taken for Yeongjang(營將) to also serve as a Toposa. Therefore, they were assigned the tasks of military duties during wartime and catching thieves in peacetime. Consequently, when overlapping various sectors, seven major cites(Jeonju, Namwon, Naju, Suncheon, Jeju, Jangheung, Yeosan) emerged in Jeolla Province. Considering both Army and Naval commander’s bases, it has developed into 9 major cities.

한국어

전라도는 신라-고려의 전통을 이어받아 거점고을이 발달하여 타도보다 이른 시 기에 도명으로 정착하였다. 조선초기 계수관을 두어 전통을 계승하였고 점차 분야 별로 거점고을이 변화하였다. 첫째, 민정상 3품이상고을은 증가하여 12읍에 도달하였다. 그 연원을 추적해보 면 신라·고려의 전통적인 고을, 왕실과 인연으로 승격된 고을, 군사적 필요에 따라 재편된 고을 등이다. 둘째, 군정상 거진·진영은 8읍으로 귀결되었다. 민정장관이 통치하던 3품관 고을 을 대상으로 군사적 요충지에 거진을 설치하여 방어하였다. 진관제는 전란을 겪으 면서 실질적인 방어기능에 초점이 맞추어져 진영으로 재탄생하였다. 셋째, 형정상 토포영은 5읍에 이르렀다. 포도의 직임은 목민관이 감당해야 하지 만 세력이 커서 일개 고을이 감당하지 못할 때 중앙에서 토포사가 차송되었다. 명 화적이 득세하자 토포영을 세우거나 요충지의 목민관에게 토포사를 겸직시켜 적도 의 움직임을 차단하고자 하였다. 평화가 지속되자 영장에게 토포사를 겸하는 조치가 내려졌다. 이에 전시 군무와 평시 포도라는 임무가 부여되었다. 결과적으로 분야별로 중첩시켜보면 전라도는 7읍(전주·남원·나주·순천·제주·장 흥·여산)이 거점도시로 대두했다. 여기에 병영·수영까지 고려하면 9읍내외가 성장 하여 여러 읍을 관할하는 형태로 발전한 것이다.