earticle

영어

Restorative justice is a system that focuses on damage caused by criminal acts and recovering relationships through the voluntary participation of the victim. offender, and communities. In 2007, South Korea introduced conditional suspension of indictment at the stage of prosecution and reconciliation at the stage of court judgement. At the stage of police intervention, in 2015, the police promoted protecting victims of crime as the first year. However, in 2019, through the pilot operation of restorative dialogue, it was analyzed that it is actually effective. In 2023, it is operated in 258 police stations nationally, but it is still insufficient to be institutionalized with the limited police authority. The recent crime pattern is small conflicts lead to serious crimes, the conflicts of community emerged, and the domestic violence and school violence are increased at a serious level. Therefore, in order to realize the ideology of restorative justice, the institutional improvement is urgently required because the role of the police is most important. So, this study analyzed the management conditions of restorative police activities at the stage of police, and presented policy directions. As research methods, literature research and the promoted policy of the police restorative polices activities are used. To support this, police officers were selected as research participants and in-depth interviews were conducted. As the result, the management conditions were analyzed in the five perspectives. Those are as below, 1) the degree of involvement of victim support police officers, 2) the selection procedure of cases subject to restorative dialogue, 3) the organizational structure and procedures of the restorative police activities, 4) the evaluation of the before and after stage in the booking or investigation, 5) the management evaluation and effectiveness of the current systems. In particular, as the current system, the mitigation of minor incident through the minor crime review committee and police caution is operated in accordance with internal regulations and ordinances. Also, five tasks were derived, and each task about the policy directions were presented. That is as follow; 1) strengthening the community’s restorative police activities and cooperation system, 2) establishing qualifications and standards of victim support police officers and improving treatment, 3) expanding specialized organizations and extending the system by training specialists, 4) establishing a foundation of the control tower and the restorative police activities in korean-style, and 5) securing legal basis at the police level. In particular, in order to carry out restorative police activities actively, it is important to prevent crime through immediately resolving civil conflicts in the non-crime fields before the crime. Therefore, this study was focused on securing the role and legal basis of local police to solve problems through conflict management, and this will become a compass of the restorative justice of our country.

한국어

회복적 사법은 피해자와 가해자, 공동체가 자발적으로 참여하여 범죄행위로 인해 발 생한피해와관계 회복에 중점을 두고 있는제도이다. 우리나라는 검찰단계의 형사조정 과 조건부 기소유예 및 법원단계의 화해권고가 도입되었다. 경찰단계에서는 2019년에 회복적 대화 모임의 시범적 운영을 통해 효과가 큰 것으로 분석되어 2023년부터 전국 경찰서에서 운영되고 있으나 형사사법체계에서 적극적 운영은 부족한 수준이다. 최근의 범죄양상은 작은 갈등이 중대한 범죄로 이어지고 있으며, 가정폭력과 학교폭 력이 심각한 수준으로 발생하고 있다. 따라서 회복적 사법의 이념 실현을 위해서는 경 찰의 역할이 가장 중요하므로 제도개선이 시급히 요구되고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 경찰단계에서 회복적 경찰활동의 운용실태를 분석하고 정책 방향을 제시하였다. 이를 뒷받침하고자 경찰관을 연구참여자로 선정하여 심층면담을 진행하였다. 그 결과 운용실태는 1) 피해자전담경찰관의 관여 정도, 2) 회복적 대화의 대상 사건 선정 절차, 3) 회복적 경찰활동 조직구조 및 절차, 4) 입건 또는 수사 前과 後단계의 평가, 5) 現제도의 운영 평가및 효과의다섯 가지 관점에서분석하였다. 특히, 현행제도로는 경미사건 감경과 경찰훈방, 선도조건부 훈방등이 법제화되지 못한채 운영되고 있다. 따라서 정책방향으로는 1) 지역사회의 회복적 경찰활동 및 협력체계 강화, 2) 피해 자전담경찰관 자격과 기준 확립 및 처우개선, 3) 전문기관 확대 및 전문가 육성을 통한 제도 확산, 4) 컨트롤 타워 및 한국형 회복적 경찰활동 기반 구축, 5) 경찰단계의 법률 적 근거 확보의 다섯 가지 과제를 도출하여 각각의 과제에 대한 정책방향을 제시하였 다. 특히, 회복적 경찰활동을 적극적으로 수행하기 위해서는 범죄 이전의 비범죄 분야 즉, 시민 간의 갈등 해결을 통한 범죄예방이 중요하다는 점이다. 따라서 갈등관리를 통 한 문제해결 지향의 지역경찰의 역할과 법적 근거 확보에 중점을 두었으며, 이것이 우 리나라의 회복적 사법의 나침반이 될 것이다.