earticle

영어

The transformation of the industrial ecosystem due to the Fourth Industrial Revolution has altered the economic structure across industries, leading to structural unemployment and job shortages in many countries. Factors such as low birth rates and an aging population contribute to population decline, increased unemployment rates, and economic recessions. Furthermore, amidst the economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic that struck globally in 2019, young individuals are considering starting a new business as an alternative career. In response, governments are actively supporting start-ups among the public through various entrepreneurial support programs to address national economic growth and job scarcity issues. This study, based on panel data from 150 entrepreneurs who completed entrepreneurship support programs in Anyang City from 2017 to 2022, examines the impact of start-up company characteristics on start-up performance. It sets hypotheses to empirically analyze the moderating role of a company’s absorptive capacity of external resources between these variables. The characteristics of start-up companies were classified from a resource-based perspective into four categories: human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and competencies. Under human resources, variables such as the educational level of the entrepreneur and the pre-beneficiary employee count were extracted. Financial resources were represented by the pre-beneficiary revenue, while technological resources included variables such as the count of intellectual property rights and certifications held. competencies were assessed based on the entrepreneur’s experience in start-ups and employment. These variables were extracted from each respective resource. The variables for start-up performance included the revenue change rate representing the change in revenue before and after support, the company’s survival period (business age), its survival status, and fundraising (investment attraction). Control variables encompassed age, gender, and geographical factors (Gyeonggi, Seoul). The analysis of empirical findings can be summarized as follows: for the impact of start-up company characteristics on start-up performance, first, in examining the influence of start-up company characteristics, higher educational levels of entrepreneurs within the human resources aspect correlate with increased company survival rates and a higher frequency of fundraising. Moreover, a larger count of employees before benefits leads to longer company survival periods and increased fundraising occurrences. Second, concerning financial resources, higher pre-beneficiary revenue is associated with a greater revenue change rate, longer survival periods, and increased fundraising endeavors. Third, within technological resources, a higher count of intellectual property rights correlates with a greater revenue change rate, longer survival periods, and higher likelihood of company survival. Additionally, a higher count of certifications is linked with longer survival periods. Fourth, among company competencies, extensive start-up experience of the entrepreneur leads to increased instances of fundraising. However, the entrepreneur’s work experience doesn’t notably impact start-up performance. Furthermore, an analysis has been implemented on the moderating role of the absorptive capacity of external resources on the impact of start-up company characteristics on start-up performance. First, based on the extent of participation in support programs, the count of pre-beneficiary employees significantly influences a company’s survival period and fundraising, while financial resources impact revenue change rates and survival periods. Additionally, start-up experience influences revenue change rates significantly. Second, based on the level of participation in start-up education, the count of pre-beneficiary employees and start-up experience significantly affect fundraising. Furthermore, financial resources and intellectual property rights impact revenue change rates significantly. By examining the influence of inherent resources of start-up companies on start-up performance, this study outlines the competencies and internal environment that prospective and new entrepreneurs should prepare for start-ups. This not only contributes to crafting successful start-upl models but also provides insights into the direction and policies of start-up support programs.

한국어

4차 산업혁명의 진행에 따른 산업생태계의 변화는 산업 전반의 경제구조를 바뀌게 했고, 세계 각국에서 구조적 인 실업과 일자리 부족 현상을 일으켰다. 이에 청년들은 직업의 대안으로 창업을 고려하고 있고, 정부에서도 국가경 제 성장 및 일자리 부족 문제를 해결하기 위해 정부기관과 지자체들로 하여금 일반인들의 창업을 적극 지원하며 다 양한 창업지원사업을 통해 창업기업을 집중 육성하려고 노력하고 있다. 본 연구는 2017년~2022년 동안 안양시 창 업지원사업 프로그램을 수료한 150명의 창업가를 대상으로 한 패널자료를 기반으로 창업기업의 특성이 창업성과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 두 변인 사이에서 기업의 외부자원 흡수능력이 어떤 조절적 역할을 하는지 가설을 설정하 여 실증적으로 분석하였다. 실증 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 창업기업의 특성이 창업성과에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보면, 창업기업의 첫 번째 특성인 인적자원 중 창업자 학력수준이 높을수록 기업의 생존 가능성은 높아지고, 자금조달 건수가 많아졌다. 지원사업 수혜 전 종업원 수가 많을수록 기업의 존속기간은 길어지고, 자금조 달 건수 또한 많아졌다. 두 번째 특성으로 재무적 자원인 지원사업 수혜 전 매출액이 클수록 매출액 증감율이 높아 지고, 존속기간이 길며, 자금조달 건수가 많아졌다. 세 번째 특성인 기술적 자원 중 지재권 보유 건수가 많을수록 매출액 증감율이 높아지고, 존속기간이 길며, 기업의 생존 가능성이 높아졌다. 또한 인증 보유 건수가 많을수록 존 속기간이 길어졌다. 네 번째 특성인 기업의 역량 중 창업자의 창업경험이 많을수록 자금조달 건수가 많아졌으나, 창 업자의 직장경험은 창업성과에 영향을 주지 않았다. 다음으로 창업기업의 특성이 창업성과에 미치는 영향에 외부자 원 흡수능력이 행하는 조절적 역할을 분석해 보면, 기업의 지원사업 참여와 창업교육 이수는 조절적 역할을 하고 있음을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 창업기업의 내재된 자원이 창업성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하여, 예비 및 신규 창업자 에게 창업을 위해 준비하고 갖추어야 할 역량, 기업 내부의 환경 등을 제시하였다. 이는 성공적인 창업 모델을 만들 어 가는 동시에 창업지원사업의 방향성과 지원정책에 시사점을 줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다.