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Purpose: The aging population is contributing to the increasing prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases. According to the 2020 National Survey of the Elderly, the prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly is 84.0%, with musculoskeletal disorders – arthritis, low back pain, and sciatica – ranking among the top five chronic diseases. The primary complaint of individuals with chronic musculoskeletal conditions is pain, and the spine is the most common site of pain. Chronic low back pain is a major cause of functional limitations related to the performance of activities of daily living in older adults, affecting not only physical function but also psychological aspects. These problems ultimately lead to a decreased quality of life and increased societal costs. Therefore, there is a need for effective and accessible methods to manage chronic low back pain at home on a regular basis. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of applying a traction and vibration device to the body of elderly people with chronic low back pain to determine the multifaceted effects of the device. Methods: Twenty-one subjects aged 65 years or older with chronic low back pain applied an interbody traction-vibration device for approximately 10 minutes twice a week for four weeks. Outcome measures included pain intensity (VAS), muscle biomechanical properties (Myoton PRO), quality of life (EQ-5D), level of functional disability (ODI), stress (uBioMacpa), and device safety and satisfaction (semi-structured questionnaire). Results: Significant improvements in pain intensity (p<0.01), muscle stiffness (p<0.05), functional disability level (p<0.05), and stress (p<0.05) were observed at pre- and post-test after the intervention, but no significant changes were observed in quality of life and muscle tone and elasticity. More than 80% of the subjects were satisfied with the interbody traction and vibration device, and no other adverse events were reported. Conclusion: This study confirmed the multifaceted effects of interbody traction and vibration on pain intensity, muscle biomechanical properties, quality of life, level of functional disability, and stress in older adults with chronic low back pain, as well as the safety and high level of satisfaction with the device.