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This paper aims to shed light on the distinction of translation competence between professional translators and translation major learners by going over the translation error at lexical level that translation major learners often make in literary translation and comparing them with professional translators’ translation of the same work. In PACTE’s study, translation competence is made up of five sub-competencies as well as psycho-physiological components. The five sub-competence is bilingual sub-competence, extra-linguistic sub-competence, knowledge about translation sub-competence, instrumental sub-competence and strategic sub-competence(2003: 58). Translation error can be used as a standard for measuring translation competence. In this paper, error patterns of translation major learners were classified into five categories: Errors in vocabulary related to culture, Errors caused by interference of Sino-Korean word, Errors due to conceptual meaning, Errors in correspondence between vocabularies, Error in selecting advanced vocabulary. By way of conclusion, this paper had revealed the translation error’s meaning in the distinction of translation competence between two groups.