원문정보
초록
영어
While tools exist for blind people to understand shapes, these are not commercially available nor affordable and often require the assistance of sighted people. Thus, we designed two low-cost grid-based tactile tools using toggle buttons (TogGrid) and cotton balls (CottonGrid). To assess the potential of these as an educational tool, we conducted a user study with 12 people with visual impairments where they were asked to understand and reproduce shapes under different conditions. Although CottonGrid is relatively cheap and easy to make, findings show that TogGrid was perceived to be better in terms of perceived easiness, task completion time, accuracy, and preference in general. Particularly, participants valued TogGrid for enabling them to identify and correct errors. Based on the findings, we provide implications for utilizing toggle buttons for designing educational instruments for learning and expressing shapes for blind people.
목차
1. INTRODUCTION
2. RELATED WORK
2.1 Learning Symbols and Letters
2.2 Drawing Symbols and Letters
3. GRID-BASED TACTILE INSTRUMENTS FOR SHAPE LEARNING
4. METHOD
4.1 Participants
4.2 Conditions
4.3 Apparatus
4.4 Procedure
4.5 Data Analysis
5. FINDINGS
5.1 Prior Experience with Braille, Letters and Shapes
5.2 Perceived Easiness for Understanding and Reproducing Shapes
5.3 Task Completion Time for Reproducing Shapes
5.4 The Actual and Perceived Accuracies for Reproducing Shapes
5.5 Subjective Feedback
6. DISCUSSION
6.1 The Potential of TogGrid as an Instrument for Learning Shapes for People with Visual Impairments
6.2 Supporting Shape Understanding with Easily Distinguishable Cells for Grid-Type Representations
6.3 Supporting Efficient and Accurate Shape Reproduction
6.4 Limitations and Future Work
7. CONCLUSION
8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES