earticle

영어

Purpose: The prevalence of osteoporosis is 34.9% and 7.4% in women and men, respectively. It is reported in 1 in 5 middle-aged and postmenopausal women in Korea. In osteoporosis, an imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts leads to reduced bone density, resulting in weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. The T-Score is an index to assess bone density, representing the standard deviation in bone density compared to that of young adults. A T-score of -1.0 or higher is considered normal, -1.0 to -2.5 indicates osteopenia or low bone density, and -2.5 or less indicates osteoporosis. Methods: Patients with a history of femoral or vertebral fractures or osteoporosis, after excluding secondary causes, were eligible for drug therapy. Drug therapy for osteoporosis includes bisphosphonate preparations, female hormone therapy (estrogen), selective estrogen modulators, teriparatide (parathyroid hormone), denosumab, and alendronate. Exercise is widely recommended as it is reported to prevent bone loss, increase bone strength, and mitigate muscle loss, muscle weakness, and balance problems due to aging. Results: Exercise effectively prevents osteoporosis by improving bone density and functions of the muscular and nervous systems. Exercises that apply physical stress to the bone tissue, such as resistance exercises and weight training, are recommended treating osteoporosis. Conclusion: These exercises not only lower the rate of bone density loss but also increase bone density. Therefore, this study aimed to present a theoretical basis for effective management to improve bone density in patients with osteoporosis.