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Purpose: This study is based on a survey aimed at analyzing the effects of various changes during the COVID-19 pandemic on the depression of workers. Method: Data collection was conducted from May 20 to May 26, 2021 from 132 workers in the manufacturing and construction industries. Depression in connection with general characteristics was analyzed by independent sample t-test and variance analysis, and multiple regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting depression. Result: 45.4% of the participants experienced depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The differences in the level of depression among workers were caused by the following factors: gender; age; employment type; industry type; change in job stress; changes in fatigue level; fear of COVID-19. Conclusion: The level of depression of workers caused by COVID-19 is severe. Therefore, it calls for measures to reduce the worker depression, infection prevention activities to alleviate fear, and education and psychological support conducted on a regular basis. Also, the effects of job stress and fatigue caused by infectious diseases should be managed together.