earticle

영어

One of the most notable developments in international politics these days is the seizure of power or proximity to power by the far right. In the United States, the Trump administration was formed in 2016, and the masses, dissatisfied with the results of the 2020 presidential election, attacked the Capitol building on January 6, 2021, the following year. In France, the far-right candidate Marine Le Pen made a second decisive entry into the 2022 presidential election following 2017. Also in Japan, the assassination of former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has exposed the relationship between the former Unification Church and influential politicians, drawing attention to the existence of extremely conservative policy agreements. 　Is the tilt of politics toward the extreme right an anomaly resulting from the crisis in contemporary society? Using Cas Mudde's theory of "pathological normalcy," this study proposes that the far right is not a crisis of contemporary society that has occurred suddenly, but is part of democracy, which has been part of the history of political discourse in various countries. 　The right and the left can be defined in terms of inequality, the former being natural and positive and considered by the state to be defended, and the latter being artificial and negative and considered a challenge to be overcome. The far right (far right) can be divided into right-wing extremists (extreme right) who deny democracy and the radical right (radical right) who embrace it, the latter being the focus of this study. The radical right has three elements: (1) populism, (2) anti-immigration (nativism), which is a mixture of nationalism and xenophobia, and (3) authoritarianism, which emphasizes law and order. This study will analyze the perspective of nationalism of the extreme right, focusing on (1) populism. 　Populism is characterized by a perspective that divides society into two opposing groups, the "pure people" and the "corrupt elite. And their view of politics as something to be done by the general will of the people is in line with classical Western democratic thought. And the xenophobic mixed perspective of nationalism, in which the nation should be inhabited only by the "true people," the native group they refer to as the majority ethnic group, considers foreigners and foreign ideas to be a fundamental threat. This populist, and the far right's argument from parochial nationalism, composition of the division of the nation by globalization is similar to the mainstream analysis of political science. The image is of a first class of citizens at the top of a pyramid, united with the global elite, and divided from the second class, the majority of the population. Although the global elite is the adversary of the far right, the main adversary and policy issue is the protection of the people's livelihood and culture through the exclusion of immigrants. 　This study compares presidential elections in the United States and France, as well as the lower house election system in Japan, where there are few changes of government, and analyzes how the far right moves closer to the government. As a result, it will become clear that the U.S. system is prone to populism, the French system functions to suppress it, and in Japan, where there is almost no change of government, far-right groups have taken root as supporters of the ruling party. 　From the perspective of the "pathological normality" theory, the populist far-right is part of democracy and its destiny. Democracy is based on the principles of freedom and equality, but the fact that democracy must accept the idea of the far right that inequality is positive and should be protected by the state as "freedom of speech" is a constant challenge for democracy.