earticle

영어

This study presents an investigation into the Zen poetry of Hwanseong Jian that stayed at Tongdosa in the second half of Joseon to reconstruct his death, reaffirm his stay at Tongdosa, and examine the characteristics and significance of his Zen poems. The study made a further step from the previous studies that reported that Hwanseong died a martyr, getting involved in Lee In-jwa's Revolt after promoting the Zen style and serving as the Jongju of Buddhist writings. The study found that the primary cause of his death was a calumny by some Buddhist monks. His calumny was because he put an emphasis on the selfpurification of the Buddhist community and the realization of younger students rather than exchanges with the nobility due to his Gyeolsunmujap character. The fact that his poems were followed by most Buddhist monks was understood in the same context. It is thus more valid that his death should be considered as the death of a martyr to spread Buddhist teachings as the Daejongjang of Zen Buddhism in the political situations in early Joseon when Buddhism was persecuted. It was reconstructed that he must have been subjected to the same Seosa and worship as Heoeungdangbowoo in middle Joseon. The study then examined his Zen poems given to Buddhist monks that stayed at Tongdosa and those who were recorded in the Munjeong list as Jeonbeop poems and his two poems inscribed on the signboard of Baekryeonam at Tongdosa and his poems that he cited in the Gyeongsang region as Yuhaeng poems. He wrote Jeonbeop poems to promote the realization of his pupils. In his Jeonbeop poems, he used topics as poetic words and presented a typical Gyeokui poem form as he enjoyed writing a quatrain with five Chinese characters in each line. The study also estimated his influences on Tongdosa based on these poems. His whereabouts in the Gyeongsang region can be tracked with his Yuhaeng poems. His two poems inscribed on the signboard of Tongdosa, in particular, indicate that they were written at the Buddhist temple. One of the characteristics of these poems is that the Sichuihwa of Seonchui. In these poems, he sought after Cheongsi whose sentiment was Han. Furthermore, the study found that his aesthetics of realistic expressions and his viewpoint of poetry based on Cheongiron had certain impacts on the direction and horizon of Zen poetry in the history of its literature, thus granting some significance to his Zen poetry.

한국어

본고는 조선후기 통도사에 주석하였던 환성지안의 선시연구를 진행하여 환성의 죽음에 대한 재조명과 환성의 통도사 주석을 재확인하고 그 선시의 특징과 의의를 살폈다. 선풍을 진작시키고 법문의 종주였던 환성의 죽음과 관련하여 불법홍포를 위해 희생된 순교자로 보았으며 조선중기 허응당보우와 같은 반열에서 서사되고 추존되어야 한다고 조명하였다. 환성의 선시를 통도사에 주석하였거나 문정목록에 실린 승려들에게 전해준 시를 전법 시로 살펴보았고, 통도사 백련암 현판에 새겨져 있는 두 편의 시와 경상도 지방에서 읊 은 시를 유행시로 분석해보았다. 전법시의 특징은 무분별지와 불이(不二)의 사상으로 제자들에게 깨달음을 인가하였다. 이때 화두를 직접 시어로 사용하였으며 오언절구를 즐겨 지어 격외시의 전형을 이루어 내었음을 보았다. 유행시에서는 경상도 지역의 행적을 추적할 수 있었으며 특히, 통도 사 현판에 새겨진 두 편의 시가 통도사에서 지어진 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이들 시의 특징은 선취(禪趣)의 시취화(詩趣化)를 이루었으며 청시(淸詩)를 추구하였는데 이때의 정서 는 한(寒)이라고 보았다. 이들 시작품을 통해서 환성이 통도사에 주석하였던 사실과 현 재까지 통도사에 환성의 선맥과 시풍(詩風)이 계승되고 있음을 살필 수 있었다. 환성 시의 현실주의 표현미학과 천기론(天機論)적 시관(詩觀)은 선시문학사의 방향정립과 지평에 일정한 영향을 주었다고 그 의의를 도출하였다.