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Purpose : This descriptive study aimed to identify relationships among shift work nurses’ job stress, fatigue, happiness, and sleep quality and the factors causing decrease in sleep quality to establish fundamental data for effective intervention strategies. Methods : The data were collected using a structured questionnaire from June 11 to 19, 2018, and study participants were 198 nurses working rotating shifts in a university hospital. Results : The quality of sleep showed a mean of 15.77±5.30 and was varied depending on the number of night shifts (p=.001), health status (p=.008), and the number of discomforts at work (p<.001). Sleep quality also showed a significant relationship with job stress (r=.15, p=.040), fatigue (r=.35, p<.001), and happiness (r=-.24, p=.001). Multiple regression analysis (Adj R2=.275) indicated that factors affecting the quality of sleep included the number of discomforts (β=.31, p<.001), fatigue (β=.22, p=.002), and the number of night shifts (β=.19, p=.002). Conclusion : This study suggests that individuals, hospitals, and social systems need to coordinate the number of night shifts and improve discomfort and fatigue by considering factors influencing rotating shift work nurses’ sleep quality.