earticle

영어

The early philosophy of Max Horkheimer in the 1930s could be characterized as a materialist Marxist based on a strong empiricism and a social critique. But, why was his later philosophy not understood without mentioning religion or transcendence, especially after the 1960s? Horkheimer's specific remarks about transcendence in a broadcast interview in 1971 called 'The Longing for the entirely Others,' were enough to attract public attention. As a result, it is a well-known fact that he received more criticism than positive reviews. In this paper, on the premise that there is a need for a special discussion on Horkheimer's later thought, which may seem contradictory, it is developed through the following process. First, a structural understanding of Horkheimer's later thought, centering on the statement 'The Longing for the entirely Others,', is sought. In other words, it attempts to shed light on the process leading up to the statement of ‘The Longing for the entirely Others’. Second, evaluations of various perspectives on Horkheimer's later thought centering on the statement of 'The Longing for the entirely Others,' are introduced, and critical discussions on such evaluations are developed. Third, the possibility of theoretical practice and application of the later Horkheimer's philosophy based on the statement of 'The Longing for the entirely Others,' is discussed. This thesis develops from the perspective of looking at Horkheimer's philosophy into three stages: the early stage from 1930 to 1941, the middle stage from 1942 to 1947, and the period from 1948 to 1970, until later stage.

한국어

1930년대 막스 호르크하이머(Max Horkheimer) 초기철학은 강력한 경험론에 기초한 유물론적 마르크스주의자로 특징지울 수 있었다. 그러나 그의 후기철학은 종교 혹은 초월성을 언급하지 않으면 이해되지 않았던 이유는 과연 무엇인가? 본 논문에서는 호르크하이머의 후기사상에 대한 특별한 논의의 필요성이 있다는 전제로 다음과 같은 과정을 통해 전개된다. 첫째, ‘아주 다른 것에 대한 동경’ 언명을 중심으로 한 호르크하이머의 후기사상에 대한 구조적인 이해를 도모한다. 둘째, ‘아주 다른 것에 대한 동경’이라는 언명을 중심으로 한 호르크하이머의 후기사상에 대한 여러 관점들의 평가들을 소개하고, 그 비판적 논의를 전개한다. 셋째, ‘아주 다른 것에 대한 동경’이라는 언명에 기초한 호르크하이머 후기철학에 대한 이론적 실천 및 활용의 가능성에 대해 논의한다.