earticle

영어

In the event of a natural disaster, there can‘t be 100% compensation for any damage. This is especially true in cases of physical injury or death as well as financial damage such as property. At this time, it may be said that workers are naturally subject to industrial accident compensation based on work-related relevance, but it may be a question whether the employer's preemptive prevention obligation or obligation after the occurrence of natural disasters can be established. This paper aims to understand the main legal principles for the employer's obligations through the law on the basis of safety and health obligations for workers in the event of a natural disaster in Japan, its contents, and examples. As a protection measure for workers in the event of a natural disaster, the following contents were reviewed as it was necessary to know the legal basis, content, and scope of the employer's obligation to safety and health workers. As a legal basis, first, the Industrial Safety and Health Act (hereinafter referred to as the “Law of Labor Safety and Health Act”) corresponding to Korea's Industrial Safety and Health Act was reviewed. Second, the obligation of Japanese business owners to consider the safety of the Labor Contract Act was reviewed. In this part, the legal basis for safety consideration obligations, the relationship between the law and the law of safety consideration (main contents of the regulations related to the business operator's safety consideration obligation and the risk prevention obligation to be devised by business operators), and related precedents based on nature were examined. Third, the ordinance of the Japanese prefecture was reviewed. For example, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government's Earthquake Countermeasures Ordinance and the Tokyo Fire Department's Earthquake Countermeasures at Work were examined, and Aichi Prefecture's East Sea Earthquake-related Labor Disaster Prevention Guidelines were reviewed. Fourth, the contents of worker protection through the business owner's disaster prevention plan and business continuity plan were examined. Finally, based on the review of the above, the employer's obligations and legal principles for worker safety and health in the event of a natural disaster were summarized and replaced with a conclusion.

한국어

일본은 남북으로 긴 열도의 형태로 남방북상으로 발생하는 태풍의 선 로에 위치하여 매년 자연재해 피해가 발생한다. 하천이 급격히 굽는 곳 이 많아 폭우의 경우 범람에 쉽게 노출되며, 게다가 화산대에 위치하고 있어서 과거에서부터 현재까지 수 없이 많은 화산폭발이나 지진에 의한 피해가 발생하고 있다. 특히 2011년의 동일본대지진은 M9.0~9.1 규모의 지진과 거대한 쓰나 미가 발생 했던 재해로 일본 근대 지진관측 사상 최대 규모의 지진이자, 1900년대 지진관측이 시작된 이후로 4번째로 가장 강한 지진으로 기록 되고 있다. 이때의 피해를 ‘동일본대진재(東日本大震災)’라고 하여 일본 에서는 이 재난 이후 동일본대진재로 인한 복구･부흥 등에 관한 논의를 활발히 해오고 있다. 이러한 자연재해가 발생한 경우에는 어떤 피해이든 피재자에게 100%의 보상은 용이하지 아니하다. 재산 상 등 물적･금전적 피해는 물론이거 니와 신체적 부상이나 사망이 발생한 경우에도 피재자의 과실 등의 문 제로 더욱 그러하다. 이때 노동자는 업무연관성이 있는 경우 당연히 산 업재해보상의 대상이 된다고 할 것이지만, 여기서 자연재해 발생과 관련 한 사업자의 선제적 예방의무나 발생 후의 각종 조치 의무 등이 문제 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 일본의 자연재해 발생 시 사업자의 노동자에 대한 안전 보건 의무의 근거법, 그 내용 및 사례를 통하여 사업자의 의무에 대한 법리를 보고자 한다.