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In this paper, the role of gender in translation activities is investigated by analyzing expletives in translations of Shuihu Zhuan. This famous classical Chinese novel has been translated as All Men Are Brothers by Pearl S. Buck, a female translator, and Outlaws of the Marsh by Sidney Shapiro, a male translator. This paper focuses on Buck’s translation while comparing it with Shapiro’s. This novel tells how a group of 108 outlaws from all walks of life, as victims of corrupt officials and unfortunate circumstances, were forced to take refuge in Liangshan Marsh, forming a sizable army to “render justice for Heaven and save the people”. It is filled with obscenities and expletives spoken to and by female characters, notably some infidel housewives of male characters. This paper supposes that when dealing with these languages, the gender of the translator affects their translation and blends their female identity into it. To test this hypothesis, this study uses comparative analysis to explore the gender construction and representation of Buck in All Men Are Brothers. Following a descriptive-explanatory framework typical in translation studies, this study finds that, at least for this novel, the female translator tends to be more empathetic with suppressed women in feudal society and tends to channel more feminist ideas into her translations than the male translator. Buck, by means of rewriting, empowers women to fight against feudal society and tries to mitigate the malevolence in the swearwords spoken to women.