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Objectives: This study aimed to confirm the behavior of using medical institutions among patients undergoing colonoscopy and factors that influence the performance of colonoscopy examination. Methods: The study used data from the National Health Insurance Corporation in 2017. The analysis included 1,314,600 people. Results: The patients tended to be male, 50-59 years old, and reporting an income level of 5. The colonoscopy rate was the highest in patients with benign neoplasm. Most of the inpatients used general hospitals and most outpatient cases used clinics. The factors affecting the need for colonoscopy were sex, age, income group, medical facility use, and prevalence of all diseases except intestinal infectious diseases. Conclusions: Colonoscopy is performed more frequently in men, in those aged 50-59 years, and in patients with neoplasms and anus/rectum/anal canal diseases. Further research should be conducted on the corresponding medical expenses, days of used hospital of patients undergoing colonoscopy.