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Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect on the muscle activity of the gluteus maximus and quadriceps femoris according to the change in the unstable support surface position during plank exercise in the prone position. Methods: For 16 healthy males in their 20s enrolled at J College, the muscle activity of the gluteus maximus and quadriceps femoris was measured and compared according to the unstable position change during core muscle strengthening exercise through plank exercise. Results: Independent t-test was performed to compare the differences between the two groups to find out whether there was a significant difference in the muscle activity of each muscle. The significance level was set to 0.05 to verify statistical significance. Conclusion: As a result of this study, the muscle activity of the quadriceps femoris and gluteus maximus was increased. However, there was no difference in the significance test of gluteus maximus through analysis.