earticle

영어

The Donatists could not accept the notion of the Church, supported by the state power. As so, the Donatists struggled to preserve the purity of the Church through the separation between the Church and the state. In other words, the Donatists preferred “the purity of the Church and the authority of the Bible” rather than “the unity of the Church and the authority of the Tradition,” escorted by the state power. To make a proper judgment over the controversy between Augustine and the Donatists, we should pay attention to the socio-political background, as well as the doctrinal differences between the two. In addition to the theological debate, the Donatists’ realization of the socio-political situation of African nationalism was a great factor of the Donatist movement. This movement was not a small and local revolt, but a popular cultural phenomenon. Despite this, however, the Donatists did not give up their religious identity. Unfortunately, the Donatist movement has been reviewed by written material that was created by the very hands of the people who were against the Donatists. Most of the written material that they made distorted the real nature of the Donatist movement which was in search of the survival of the religious sect based on the Bible in the changing world. Augustine, who investigated the Donatist controversy from the theological and doctrinal perspective, easily identified the Donatists as a schismatic heresy. This view of Augustine has been accepted as a theory that belongs to Christian orthodoxy. Based on W.H.C Frend and Maureen A. Tilley, this paper focuses on the socio-political context of the Donatists and uses the original sources produced by the Donatists. This paper also suggests that Augustine’s critique of the Donatists was too unilateral. It argues that the Donatist movement was one of a wide variety of Christian movements that strove to restore the purity of the Church, follow the teaching of the Bible, and preserve the Bible-centered community in the changing world.

한국어

교회론을 연구함에 있어서 도나투스파 논쟁은 중요한 실증적 자료가 된다. 교회의 가치를 순결함에 둘 것인가 아니면 하나 됨에 둘 것인가를 고 민하는 성도들에게 교회의 하나 됨의 가치가 더 큰 가치임을 귀한 가르침 을 준다. 그러나 이러한 결론은 어거스틴의 신학적 입장에서 도나투스파 운동을 전망하고 평가한 자료에 의존한 연구들이 쉽게 내는 결론이다. 본 연구는 틸리의 연구 방법론을 가지고 도나투스파 운동을 조망해 본 다면 새로운 결과를 도출할 수도 있음을 보여준다. 즉, 이미 정의된 신학이 념의 관점으로 도나투스파 운동을 전망하는 것이 아니라, 사회경제적이고 언어문화적인 차원에서 도나투스파 운동을 분석해 볼 때, 도나투스파 운동 은 단순히 교회 안의 분쟁이 아니라, 아프리카 민족주의의 발로임을 발견 할 수 있다. 특히, 도나투스파 교회가 생성한 문서를 중심으로 도나투스파 운동을 연구한다면, 교회와 민족을 지키는 방식이 왜 교회의 순결성을 강조해야 하는지를 잘 알 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 교회는 그 목적이 정당하다고 해도, 폭력이라는 수단을 통해서 목적에 도달한다면 그 목적은 이미 오염 된 것임을 키르쿰켈리온 운동은 잘 보여준다.