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This paper attempts to demonstrate that interpreting is a specialized field that requires domainspecific expertise. and thus being bilingual only is insufficient to perform interpreting successfully. This paper also presents different interpreting modes for which domain-specific interpreting knowledge and skills are necessary to achieve successful interpreting outcomes. This suggests that it may be difficult to expect untrained bilinguals to perform interpreting accurately even with bilingual proficiency. Moreover, through empirical studies this paper compared interpreting performance quality of interpreters with that of untrained bilinguals and provided evidence that untrained bilinguals were not competent enough to perform a good interpreting task on account of lack of interpreting-specific skills. Thus, the distinction between interpreters and bilinguals is called for, and what differentiates interpreters from bilinguals---note-taking and working memory skills, linguistic and extralinguistic abilities, and code of conduct---results from training tailored only for interpreting.