earticle

영어

Among the different types of the singular pottery, the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery is the best known pottery as a kettle of the Silla Dynasty royal family. The purpose of this study is to newly reveal the use of the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery from a different perspective. The two main theories about the use of the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery are summarized in the following. Focusing on the appearance of the pottery, it is interpreted as funerary objects, or the function as a storage container which is said to be a primitive type of kettle. Since a pair of the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery were excavated at Geumnyeongchong Tomb, this type of pottery was also excavated at a historical site. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the claim that the use of the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery is a funerary object. Also, although it is similar in shape to a kettle, it is completely different from the kettle’s functional form. First, this study compares the spout and capacity of the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery and a typical kettle to find out the difference. As a result of the study, the capacity of the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery is quite insufficient to be used as a kettle. However, the capacity is adequate to use as an oil lamp. Second, the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery was compared with one of the ancient oil lamps in the British Museum’s collection. When comparing these two, surprisingly, not only was the functional structure similar, but also their appearance. In addition, the angle of the cut at the tip of the spout of the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery is different from the angle of the tip of a kettle spout. Nevertheless, it coincides with the shape of the wick hole of the oil lamps from other countries. This shape of the wick hole is the high-tech shape of the oil lamp’s wick hole. A kettle experiment was conducted using a replica of the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery to prove this case. Third, the lamp experiment was followed. As a result of the experiment, it was a very inconvenient form to use the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery as a kettle. After all, as an oil lamp, it optimized its functional structure. Finally, after the experiment, the traces of its use as an oil lamp was discovered on the surface of the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery replica rather accidently. As a result of observing the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery excavated from the Geumnyeongchong Tomb, it was also found that there were traces of soot and ashes fixed on the surface of the pottery of the historic relic, which was proof as being used as a lamp. Therefore, after observing the warrior on a horseback-shaped pottery through the various methods and experiments outlined above, it is possible to come to the conclusion that its function serves as an oil lamp rather than being used as a kettle or tomb object.

한국어

이형토기들 중에 기마인물형토기는 신라왕실의 주전자로 잘 알려져 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 기마인물형토기의 용도를 다른 시각에서 새롭게 밝히는데 있다. 용도에 대한 기존 학설은 도기의 외형에 중점을 두고 명기로 해석하거나 저장용기로서의 기능에 대해서는 주자 즉 주전자라고 말한다. 금령총에서 기마인물상토기 한 쌍이 출토된 이후 생활 유적지에서도 기마인물형토기들이 발굴되었으므로 그 용도가 명기라는 주장은 재고되어야 한다. 또 주전자와 비슷한 구조이지만 주전자와는 전혀 다른 특징에 대해서는 간과하는 경향이 없지 않았다. 주전자와 비교해 보면 실제로 기마인물형토기에 액체를 채울 수 있는 용량은 주전자로서 턱없이 부족하다. 그러나 기마인물형토기는 등잔 기름을 담기에는 가장알맞은 용적을 가지고 있다. 또 관도 주전자 부리와는 다른 직경과 측면 각도를 가지고 있다. 한편 기마인물형토기와 대영박물관 소장의 고대 등잔과 비교해 보면 놀랍게도 그 기능적 구조와 외형이 흡사하다. 가늘고 뾰족한 관은 주전자로서는 불합리한 구조이지만, 고대등잔에서 볼 수 있는 심지구의 한 형태와는 일치한다. 기마인물형토기 모사품으로 기존용도 추정에 근거하여 주자실험을 선행하고 등잔실험을 후행한다. 기마인물형토기는 실험을 통해 주전자로 사용하기에는 매우 불편한 형태이지만 등잔으로서는 최적화된 기능적 구조임을 재 확인한다. 실험 후 기마인물형토기 모사품 표면에 고착되어 있는 등잔 사용흔을우연히 발견하게 된다. 이와 같은 사용흔은 실제 기마인물형토기 유물에서도 관찰할 수 있다. 기마인물형토기 유물에서 관찰할 수 있는 등잔 사용흔은 소성흔과도 구별된다. 결론적으로 기마인물형토기는 기능적 구조, 용도실험 그리고 등잔 사용흔을 통해 명기나 주전자로 사용되었다고 보기 어렵다. 오히려 그 용도는 기름 등잔이라고 추정할 수 있다.