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Maekawa Kunio was one of the masters representing architecture of the 20th century. In the architecture competition of Imperial Museum Tokyo, he submitted a plan for a flat roof to resist the nationalist architecture and criticized "pseudo-Japanese architecture" of those days based on his faith in modernism architecture. Following the competition for Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Memorial Hall in which Tange Kenzo won the first prize in 1942, however, he proclaimed his conversion by calling the Asia-Pacific War "holy war to change the world history." In the competition for Japan Cultural Center in Bangkok in 1943, he also used the traditional Japanese architectural style and submitted a plan for an inclined roof. He made an even clearer declaration of his conversion by publishing Memorandum in December, 1942. By borrowing the logic of "Overcoming Modernity" from the Kyoto School that offered theoretical supports to the Asia-Pacific War, he insisted on "national architecture in the world history" and maintained that the government's "cultural control" should be needed even in the areas of individual studies, arts, and religion. It is fascism and war ideology, and no one can deny this self-evident fact.